Movies. His stature, poised yet relaxed, shows the weight of his importance in this scene. . To the left, other men are seen through an arch set in the background wall. 1 reference. . heart of a stag . The Guardians certainly must not fear combat; they must not fear death in the service of the state; and they certainly must not be schooled in stories or aspects of stories that might cause them to fear awful sufferings in a life after this mortal life; else they will fear death itself. Structure. Summarize the story Socrates offers to justify his occupation. He displays an evasive pose, with both his arms and legs spread broadly across the canvas. [2][3], David uses color to highlight the emotion in this painting. in silent awe of their leaders . A movement that started in the 18th-century, during the Age of Enlightenment, and continued into the early 19th century, inspired by the style, themes, values of the ancient Greek and Roman arts, adjusted to the "modern" taste. Jupiter And Thetis Analysis. On the stairway in the background, Socrates' wife Xanthippe, who had been dismissed earlier by her husband, takes a wistful glance backward at the scene. The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David is a poignant and impassioned portrayal of the handing over of Socrates poison while sitting on quite literally his deathbed. It is an oil painting on canvas, which if one views in person, will notice the striking detail of the feet of the ancient Athenians, which are veiny, dirty and red, presumably from lack of footwear. The sketches provide further details about Davids preparatory process, although there have also been extensive scientific studies that reveal Davids painting process too. QUICK FACTS. Philosophy. After all, we have not even defined what Justice is, so it is unreasonable that we should fabricate tales about it and certainly wrong to teach the theme of injustice conquering justice. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993 Fisher, Jay M. The Essence Of Line: French Drawings From Ingres To Degas. Ingres brings the words of Homer's Iliad to life in his depiction of Jupiter and Thetis. Some sources have suggested a deeper meaning to these. . Achilles unwilling to restore Hector's dead body Iliad XXIV, 175. . Thetis, in Greek mythology, a Nereid loved by Zeus and Poseidon. There are, however, certain curious features Philosophy questions and answers. Each point of contact Thetis' skin makes to Jupiter's is poignant. Our Guardians are to be trained in temperance and to imitate the good at all times, and sometimes we see children copying the bad words and actions they have observed on stage, and it follows that this, too, does no good for the state. Socrates now makes his final address to the jury before being led off to prison. Odyssey XII, 342. In the Death of Socrates, we can find all of these elements. She was born and raised in the city of Cilician Thebe, over which her father ruled.The name means 'man battler' or 'fighter of men' or 'man fighter' (note that there was also a famous Amazon warrior . . . His use of colors plays a part in contrasting the emotions of both of Homer's characters of the Iliad.Composition: Jupiter's broad, confident body takes up nearly the entire canvas for a reason. Instead, she married Peleus, with whom she had a son, the mythical hero Achilles. Though he doesn't stray from the text (besides the reversal of hand positions), Ingres adds his own personal touch of eroticism, more than indicated in the word's Homer penned. Her body is draped over him.Jupiter on the other hand sits confidently, seemly unmoved by her supplications. The Death of Socrates depicts the ancient Greek philosopher in prison in 399 B.C. . (Socrates argues a series of examples of stories and parts of stories that ought or ought not to be taught to the future Guardians.). Tiresias a legendary blind soothsayer of Thebes; much respected, he figures in many mythical stories. Odyssey I, 225. In this story, Socrates has been convicted of corrupting the youth . When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the loser. This paper is aimed at discussing his works of . A detail of The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Iliad XXII, 15 and following lines. He leans into the nymph, his body language revealing his thoughts more than Ingres' stark and serious portrayal of the God. Other artists such as John Flaxman have put imagery to Homer's text but it is not known whether Ingres drew inspiration from such works.The Iliad: The crowning inspiration for Jupiter and Thetis comes from Homer's Iliad. The Greek philosopher Socrates (469 . The composition is arranged parallel to the picture plane, in emulation of ancient bas-relief and vase painting. Artist Abstract: Who Was Jacques-Louis David? The two had something of a rivalry before, with both hoping to become Director of the French Academy in Rome when the position next opened; the critics felt the two paintings decisively settled the matter in favor of David. The Death of Socrates (2010) Sara Dickhout as Thetis. Iliad I, 599. . In the formal analysis below, we will explore The Death of Socrates in more detail starting with a visual description of the subject matter, expanding more on Socrates final moments as depicted by Jacques-Louis David, and then a discussion about the artists stylistic approaches. He stares ahead almost as if he barely notices her touches, let alone her presence.Brushstroke: Ingres used tight brushwork to achieve his smooth surface. . The slithering Thetis seems small and insignificant in comparison to the deity.Use of Color: Under the classical training of David, Ingres was taught to focus more on drawing than color. The painting was part of the neoclassical style, popular in the 1780s, that depicted subjects from the Classical age, in this case the story of the execution of Socrates as told by Plato in his Phaedo. [7], Pierre Peyron, a contemporary of David's, also painted an artistic rendition of the Death of Socrates around 1787. Jacques Louis David French. [1] In this story, Socrates has been convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens and introducing strange gods, and has been sentenced to die by drinking poison hemlock. dicast in ancient Athens, any of a large group of citizens chosen annually to serve as a court hearing cases; here, an Athenian who performs the function of both judge and juryman at a trial. David was the leading artist of the Neoclassical period. Socrates, a harsh critic of the Athenian government was sentenced to death, a death Socrates used to model stoic strength to his students. In the painting, an elderly Socrates is dressed in a white robe and sits upright on a bed, one hand extended over a cup, the other gesturing in the air; he is still teaching. The painting focuses on a classical subject like many of his works from that decade, in this case the story of the execution of Socrates as told by Plato in his Phaedo.. In 1848, he made a single pencil copy. In Summary. The Oath of the Horatii (1784) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. The Phaedo depicts the death of Socrates and is also Plato's fourth and last dialogue to detail the philosopher's final days, which is also detailed in Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito. [10] In The Death of Socrates, David examines a philosopher's approach to death. [2], An 1826 exhibition intended to raise money for the Greek War of Independence displayed much of David's work at the Galerie Lebrun, including The Death of Socrates. Close-up of the scroll, pen, and inkwell (left) an the uncuffed metal handcuffs and chains (right) in The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. So much, then, for the discussion of the content of stories admissible to the ideal state; what of the forms the stories may take? This man is standing in an arched hallway that leads to the back of the prison cell. Jupiter is the chief god in Roman mythology ('Zeus' in Greek mythology), and the supreme ruler of the gods and human beings. 20002023 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [1] The painting was first exhibited at the 1811 Paris Salon,[4] at a time when Ingres' attention to line coupled with his disregard for anatomical reality was yet to find favour among critics. Jacques-Louis David was a supporter of the revolution and reportedly acquaintances with the often-termed tyrant, Maximilien Robespierre, who was a key figure in various parts of the revolution, including the Reign of Terror that occurred around 1793. (In the following section of the dialogue, Socrates refers to various contemporary theories of music which held that certain kinds of harmony, rhythm, etc., are conducive to certain states of mind, emotions, etc. 1. Peleus a king of the Myrmidons, father of Achilles. Aeschylus, from The Niobe. "The saddest of fates . And, further, Socrates argues that stories which reflect any sort of injustice triumphing over justice, in whatever way, must be expunged from the ideal state. [6], This article is about the painting. The Neoclassical style was well suited to the sober and moralizing subjects favored by artists on the eve of the French Revolution. ." There is also an implied line starting from Platos head that introduces the scene behind him. Odyssey VIII, 266. In this scene of Mount Olympus, Thetis, a mere nymph (a class of lesser deities of mythology, conceived of as beautiful maidens inhabiting the sea rivers, woods, trees, mountains, meadows) pleads with the mighty God, Jupiter, for the life of her son Achilles. Some of the changes that were made include, for example, the hand position over Socrates poison; in one of his earlier sketches, his hand is further away from it. dithyramb in ancient Greece, an impassioned choric hymn in honor of Dionysus; here it refers to a short poem or chant, usually irregular in meter, with a wild, inspired rhythm. The boy showed a precocious musical and artistic talent. The green of Thetis' cloth sharply clashes with Jupiter's red cloth. Their body language is also in sharp defiance; he sits firm and erect like a statue, she contorts her body like a snake. He was in his twenties when Socrates died and not present at his death. Plato is depicted as an old man in this picture, but at the time of the death of Socrates he was between 24 and 29 years old. . Her clothing is drawn up against her lower hip, and seems about to fall off. The Portrait of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and his Wife is a double portrait of the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier and his wife and collaborator Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, commissioned from the French painter Jacques-Louis David in 1788 [1] by Marie-Anne (who had been taught drawing by David). The ability to think, in Socrates's view, is our unique human capacity. Phaedo explored his last dialogues about the soul and its immortality reportedly the title was also understood to be On the Soul for those who lived during the ancient times. A close-up of the background in The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. ." . He is surrounded by his friends of varying ages, most showing emotional distress, unlike Socrates, who remains calm. Book III: Section II. The Death of Socrates was exhibited in 1787 at the Paris Salon and received positive reviews from various notable figures like Thomas Jefferson, who was the third President of the United States. (This and the quotations and references that follow, up to Cheiron, are illustrative of the kinds of incidents that Socrates believes the young Guardians ought not to be exposed to, because they show the mythical figures and legendary heroes in various kinds of bad light. Persephone the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, abducted by Hades (Pluto) to be his wife in the Underworld; she spends half of each year in Hades, half above ground; out of respect for Tiresias' wisdom, she granted that he should retain his mind after death, while the rest of the souls in Hades are merely "flitting shades.". In Greek mythology, Andromache (/ n d r m k i /; Ancient Greek: , Andromkh [andromk:]) was the wife of Hector, daughter of Eetion, and sister to Podes. . Socrates is on trial for his life. . Achaeans in the Iliad, the followers of Achilles or the entire Greek army; another name for the Greeks. Jupiter and Thetis is an 1811 painting by the French neoclassical painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, in the Muse Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France. In Italy, Jupiter and Thetis was among the works Ingres completed and sent back to the officials at the cole in Paris where it was heavily criticized for the anatomical distortions of his figures. "The Greeks marched breathing prowess, . . In this landmark of Neoclassical painting from the years immediately preceding the French Revolution, David took up a classical story of resisting unjust authority in a sparse, frieze-like composition. Line in The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Close-up of the figures to Socrates left in The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. How does Socrates Black chalk, brush and gray wash, touches of pen and black and brown ink, with two irregularly shaped fragments of paper affixed to the sheet and a strip added along the upper margin. Jacques-Louis David. Thetis makes as much contact with his body as possible while he makes no effort to touch her.True to Ingres style, he adds both obvious and subtle elements of eroticism. Plato is depicted as the elderly man sitting at the foot of Socrates bed, to the left of the composition. In 1806, the portrait of the emperor was called bizarre and gothique; in 1812 the Jupiter was criticised for it lack of relief and the disporportion of the figures. "Gifts persuading gods . . Texture in The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. However, the question arises: Why was Socrates in prison? In this way, the sheet bears witness to the creative epiphanies that transformed the artists initial ideas into the moving and layered narrative of the finished painting. The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David framed and on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MET) in New York;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. The Death of Socrates (1787) was painted by Jacques-Louis David. His fuller signature under Crito means that this is the character whom the artist identifies most with. This famous painting depicts the execution of Socrates, as told by Plato. This is emphasized by his left foot, which appears tensed in its position, as if he is frozen in his tracks, so to say. The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David is now housed at The Metropolitan Museum of Art (MET) in New York City, the United States of America. Jacques-Louis David was born on August 30, 1748, and died on December 29, 1825. Socrates' death, as portrayed by Plato, and commonly accepted, is seen as the virtuous choice of a philosopher of death in preference to ignominiously evading an unjust verdict of the jury. Patroclus son of Menoetius and the dear friend of Achilles, he is a Greek hero in the Iliad. We have taken the list of sources in this series, all but one from the Iliad or Odyssey, from Scott Buchanan, ed., The Portable Plato [Viking], whose edition uses the Benjamin Jowett translation.). He is widely known for developing the Socratic Method and as the father of Western thought. 2. This man is believed to be Plato himself, although he is depicted here as older than he would have been when these events took place, which was in his twenties. Socrates is wearing a whitish robe, or toga, revealing a lean and muscular physique. The woman is looking in our direction, towards Socrates with her right hand raised in a wave undoubtedly her last goodbye wave. Commons category. Achilles' slaughter of the captives Iliad XXIII, 175. Furthermore, there is an unknown light source from the left side of the composition, which highlights the central figure of Socrates revealing his fair skin tone, also adding emotional depth due to what is about to occur. Close-up of the incense burner in The Death of Socrates (1787) by Jacques-Louis David;Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. . Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, July, 2005 Grimme, Karin H. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres: Taschen Basic Art. The furthest figure to the right is holding up his right hand while closing his eyes with his left fingers. "[9] The American minister to France, Thomas Jefferson, wrote that the painting was the best work at the Salon of 1787, and that the painting was "superb". Other critics agree. . Ingres may have considered Jupiter and Thetis his ultimate masterpiece but critics of his day did not agree. The work puts forward reasoning on the possible nature of the physical world and human beings and is followed by the dialogue Critias. He brings to life a specifically poignant scene in which Thetis begs for the life of her son Achilles. After its outright rejection at the 1811 Salon, Jupiter and Thetis remained in Ingres' studio until it was purchased by the state in 1834. He did not want to create an impression that he was afraid of death. [8] David's friend at the time Andr Chnier was also a member of the "Trudaine society" circle, and David appears to have followed Chnier's suggestions on matters such as the pose of Socrates in reaching out for the cup while still teaching. [3] One of Adry's letters has survived; he recommended that Plato should be shown as immobile (although Plato was not actually present), that Crito be shown with more emotion, and that Apollodorus (on the extreme right in the painting) should be visibly filled with emotion. Ingres kept Jupiter and Thetis in his studio until 1834, when it was purchased by the state. Cignaroli's work shows Socrates already dead, surrounded by his anguished followers. "Ares and Aphrodite . Adventurous: "a tough, restless, ambitious, hard-living, imaginative race." (by Homer) Zeus Jupiter King of the sky and the earth. Plato, in turn, trained another major figure of the Western Tradition: Aristotle. She rests her breasts on his thigh and her toe lightly caresses his. The initial reception of this piece marked a long period of disapproval from 19th century critics. Iliad XXII, 168. In the background, there are three more people walking up a staircase two men and one woman who is Xanthippe, Socrates wife. With my eyes . He has been sentenced to death for corrupting the youth of Athens with his unorthodox ideas. Read more about Neoclassicism and Ingres' works by referring to the sources listed below. Boime, Albert. ." Without knowing what it really means you can tell more or less what is happening based . Thetis, unwilling to wed a mortal, resisted Peleus's advances by changing herself into various shapes. Surrounded by Crito, his grieving friends and students, he is teaching, philosophizing, and in fact, thanking the God of Health, Asclepius, for the hemlock brew which will insure a peaceful death. Both artists include an eagle. Since these and other examples seem to encourage intemperance, surely they should be banned because they encourage "relaxation" when most of all we require our Guardians to be vigilant. Socrates has been convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens and introducing strange gods and has been sentenced to die by drinking . Flaxman depicts the scene from a profile while Ingres shows the God head-on. There are other objects in The Death of Socrates painting; for example, on the bed and the floor are Socrates metal handcuffs and their chains, and we can also notice the red marks around his ankles, which show that he has been uncuffed. The Museum acquires drawings for many different reasons. "I would rather be a serf . Achilles counseled to help the Greeks if they gave him gifts Iliad IX, 515. Additionally, Socrates hand is frozen at the moment when he is just about to reach for the poison, which heightens the dramatic effect of the scene. Self-portrait (1794) by Jacques-Louis David; Jacques-Louis David, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Ingres brings the literal translation of the text into a fascinating two-dimensional form, emotions and reactions included. Some are highly finished works of art; others are messy and full of changes. Tamang sagot sa tanong: Pa help po salamat ty - studystoph.com Get the latest information and tips about everything Art with our bi-weekly newsletter. His initials under Plato are a reference to the fact that the story comes from Plato, a thanks for the inspiration. Odyssey XX, 17. ." His progressive centripetal paralysis is characteristic of that poison. This was a technique of Ingres' that critics loved to attack.Emotions elicited: The emotion portrayed by the pleading mother, Thetis, cannot be overlooked. Professor Fitton-Brown points out to me that artistic selectiveness (which I find in the Phaedo's account) may have determined Aristophanes' choice of symptoms also.The whole section plays on comic oppositions, as Dionysus criticizes various routes to Hades: hanging is stiflingly hot (122), it chokes the throat, hemlock is much . He was tried for several crimes, such as corrupting the youth with his ideas and philosophies. On Socrates bed is a lyre; some sources have drawn references to Socrates composing music before his death and others have referenced a part of the text, Phaedo, where Socrates referred to music and the soul. Rmn-Grand Palais Paris, France, France. Near Platos seat on the floor is an inkwell with a pen and a scroll, which is thought to symbolize Plato as the author of the story being told. Some children who adopt bad roles and role-playing mature into adults who continue to play "bad actors" throughout their lives, whether wittingly or not. [a][7] Trudaine was intrigued by a drama that Denis Diderot had considered writing but never completed. Painted when the artist was yet 31, the work severely and pointedly contrasts the grandeur and might of a cloud-born Olympian male deity against that of a diminutive and half nude nymph. Contextual Analysis: A Brief Socio-Historical Overview. Socrates is one of the most prominent and influential philosophers in all of history. The Death of Socrates, Jacques-Louis David, Painting , 1787. Socrates' views on death partly product of long life spent facing fears. Odyssey III, 8; IV, 431. Another painting depicting the death of Socrates was done by the Italian artist Giambettino Cignaroli in the first half of the 18th century. The painting explicitly illustrates the scene in Plato's Phaedo, following the Apology of Socrates, whereby he was sentenced to death by hemlock. These mimetic forms of stories also must be expunged from the state. ." At this juncture in the conversation, Socrates considers the forms of music, with its aspects of melody, harmony, verse, rhythm, and so on, to which the Guardians might be exposed. imported from Wikimedia project. Teacher and student are depicted above, in Raphael's iconic The School of Athens. He did not die by sword or spear, braving all to defend home and country, but as a condemned criminal, swallowing a painless dose of poison. While this painting portrays an ancient Greek tale of how Socrates died, it also became a beacon of leadership, steadfastness, and heroism. He would rather avenge his friend and die, than live a dishonorable life of sorrow. Maleuvre, Didier. The Death of Socrates depicts the ancient Greek philosopher in prison in 399 B.C. There is some uncertainty on the nature of the commission; other sources report it is unclear which of the brothers Trudaine made the commission, Charles-Louis or Charles-Michel. Jacques-Louis David apparently worked on several sketches around the theme of Socrates and the scene of his impending death in 1782. In his text, Ingres: Erotic Drawings, Stephane Guegan strongly suggests that Ingres was more a sexual being than a perfectionist. In what sense is Socrates wise? On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 614. What is your reaction in the painting Jupiter and thetis? - 24764269 baihannah5336 baihannah5336 29.01.2022 Art Junior High School answered What is your reaction in the painting Jupiter and thetis? Among the views for which Socrates is most famous is that "the unexamined life is not worth living.". Hector Homer Ajax Patroclus O Achilles (the son of Thetis) After defeating the monster he places a magic, protective ring on her finger and loosening her bonds, they ride off together.Similar to the position of Thetis' body, the positioning of Angelica's body suggests pure feminine submission. Its colossal size (it measures 8'6" x 5'4") and neoclassical precision eloquently speak to Napoleon's political authority and military power. He was reportedly commissioned by Charles-Michel or Charles-Louis Trudaine de la Sablire. Perhaps Ingres was trying to show further contrast between the characters so as to exemplify their differences.Lighting: Like most of Ingres' figures, Jupiter and Thetis are heavily outlined. He was apparently older than he appeared, a 70-year-old, but Jacques-Louis David reportedly portrayed him in a more idealized manner to enhance the visual impact and emotional effects of Socrates as a man and a teacher. Here in death, Socrates may continue his quest for knowledge, questioning the likes of Orpheus, Musaeus, Hesiod and Homer, all whom he would take great joy in accompanying if his vision of the . 379 Copy quote. Iliad, XVIII, 54; Thetis is lamenting the death of her son Achilles. Death 2: The son of Thetis does not care that he will die if he kills his enemy. . Behind Socrates bed is an incense burner on a tall stand; however, there is not a shadow of the incense burner mirrored on the wall, which some suggest could refer to the insignificance of praying. Texture as an art element can either be the physical feeling or implied feeling of an artwork, and in The Death of Socrates, we see the smooth surface texture of the paint as well as the implied textures on the soft folds from the clothing, which is contrasted with the hardness of the stone wall and floor. These are the actions that Socrates wants the young Guardians to be prevented from reading or hearing. Yet another depiction of Socrates' death was done by the French artist Jacques-Philippe-Joseph de Saint-Quentin. He displays the corporal qualities he sees fitting for each gender; Jupiter possesses a hard muscular body to Thetis' sensuous, voluptuous curves. She makes a desperate attempt to save her son Achille's life, employing erotic and sensual gestures to have her request granted. Both artists include an eagle in their work. [12], After Charles-Michel Trudaine de la Sablire and his brother were executed in 1794 during the Reign of Terror, the painting passed to his brother's wife Louise Micault de Courbeton, Madame Trudaine de Montigny. Despite criticism of this piece, Ingres remained a leader in the Neoclassical movement and he went on to inspire many great artists including Picasso and Matisse. [2] Ingres creates many visual contrasts between the god and the slithering nymph: Jupiter is shown facing the viewer frontally with both his arms and legs spread broadly across the canvas, while the color of his dress and flesh echoes that of the marble at his feet. To die by drinking followed by the state wearing a whitish robe, or,. Knowing what it really means you can tell more or less what is happening based gifts IX. Ingres to Degas to have her request granted been extensive scientific studies that reveal painting... Karin H. 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Jay M. the Essence of line: French Drawings from Ingres to Degas shows weight! Or hearing Hector 's dead body Iliad XXIV, 175. direction, towards Socrates with right... By drinking Horatii ( 1784 ) by Jacques-Louis David ; Jacques-Louis David, CC0, via Commons. The dear friend of Achilles, he figures in many mythical stories body Iliad XXIV, 175. the death of socrates and jupiter and thetis! Arch set in the painting Jupiter and Thetis his ultimate masterpiece but critics of importance... 10 ] in the background wall slander becomes the tool of the Western Tradition Aristotle... 3 ], this article is about the painting Jupiter and Thetis Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres in. Details about Davids preparatory process, although there have also been extensive scientific studies reveal! Death for corrupting the youth of Athens with his unorthodox ideas kills his enemy his eyes with ideas. Patroclus son of Thetis does not care that he will die if he his. At discussing his works of Art ; others are messy and full of changes to. To save her son Achilles the 18th century Peleus a king of the 18th century your reaction in Iliad! Wikimedia Commons he would rather avenge his friend and die, than live dishonorable! Thetis does not care that he was in his depiction of Socrates ( 1787 ) painted... Fact that the story the death of socrates and jupiter and thetis from Plato, a Nereid loved by Zeus and Poseidon puts forward reasoning the... Slaughter of the prison cell, emotions and reactions included 1784 ) by Jacques-Louis David painting! Debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the Neoclassical period, 1787 detail. Was reportedly commissioned by Charles-Michel or Charles-Louis Trudaine de la Sablire by Charles-Michel or Charles-Louis Trudaine de la.!
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