It may be a one in a million chance but there is a danger that static electricity may ignite the gasoline vapours during refueling at a petrol station. This is the easiest type of ESD damage to find since it usually can be detected during testing. Electrostatic Charge Quiz The effect on aircraft For those who cannot justify special shoes, several types of shoe grounds are readily available. brought You may apply lotion or moisturizer on your . Does Hydraulic Fracturing Cause Earthquakes? A build-up of static electricity can be caused by re-entering a vehicle during fueling, particularly in cool or cold and dry weather. Todays trucks have metal nozzles. This is why the old JP-4 or Jet B was so dangerousthe vapor pressure of the fuel wasright in the middle of the explosive range. 0000004562 00000 n Join 110,000 readers each month and get the latest news and entertainment from the world of general aviation direct to your inbox, daily. Links How do planes get rid of static electricity? Electrical bonding must be used to eliminate this hazard. How long does it take sunlight to reach Earth? But liquid fuels like avgas and Jet A do not burn. When a divergent discrepancy between the two independent fuel remaining sources became apparent, an uneventful precautionary air turnback was made and overfuelling subsequently confirmed. 52 = 2600 x time transposition time = 52 / 2600 (1) evaluation 0.02 (s). In a scientific perspective, static happens when theres an imbalance of charges between two objects. gcsescience.com It is recommended that when wide-cut fuel has been used, the next two uplifts of fuel should be treated as though they too were wide-cut. across an air gap it As the nozzle (the end) of the pipe is Download PDF Test Yourself. Friction from the structure and the air causes an accumulation of static charge in its extremities, this is dissipated through the static dischargers. and so any charge can be safely They work on the same principle as a high resistance ohmmeter. and any charge can be safely Why is static electricity dangerous when Refuelling an aircraft? On 5 September 2001, a British Airways Boeing 777-200 on the ground at Denver USA, was substantially damaged, and a refuelling operative killed, when a fire broke out following the failure of a refuelling coupling under pressure because of improper attachment. What are the Dangers of Electrostatic Charge? High humidity conditions are conducive to dissipation of static charges resulting in reduced effects of ESD. The reason is that the air/fuel ratio is too rich. 0000007830 00000 n Index Technicians involved in the daily repair of electronics may choose to wear shoes that are specially designed to continuously dissipate any static buildup occurring on the wearer. Is that True? The fewer the number of electrons traveling in the valence layer the easier it is for electron transfer. This is why, especially with fiberglass or composite aircraft, the owner needs to check with an ohmmeter to ensure that there is an electrical path from thecontact point to the filler neck. When an aircraft is flying it builds up static electricity as there is no means of discharging it, it is not in contact with the ground. Hear from one of API's scientists about staying safe at the pump during the COVID-19 pandemic. Calculate the duration of the flash in seconds. or ESD. The spark can be avoided if the pipe nozzle is made to conduct by connecting an earthing strap to it and so any charge can be safely conducted away. We solve your electrical needs while providing exceptional service with a 100% satisfaction guarantee. Charged panels are not uncommon in aircraft and can possess a corona effect. a flash fire or small sustained fire with gasoline refueling vapors. Keep the nozzle in contact 0000074721 00000 n a very high speed. A spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour can result from the discharge of electrostatic energy (static) created either from the movement of the fuel in the aircraft tank during the fuelling process, or its accumulation on the surface of aircraft or vehicles. Bonding cables should connect the installation delivering the fuel with the aircraft or installation receiving the fuel. 0000007851 00000 n How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Part of this strip has an adhesive and is attached to the heel of the shoe, while the other end is placed inside the shoe. Conductors, on the other hand, cannot become charged, as the electrons can move through them. The transfer of hydrocarbon fuels can be dangerous if the proper procedures are not followed. . Static electricity is created when objects with different electrical properties come into contact, and negatively charged electrons from one substance are transferred to the other. The Canadian Occupational Safety article Little spark, big flame , the following equipment and operations pose a greater risk: Grounding trucks during fuel dispensing is prescribed in National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines as well. 2.4.4 Uses & Dangers of Static Electricity. Remove gasoline-soaked clothing immediately. 0000001087 00000 n This may happen safely by connecting them to the earth with a conductor. Many electronic workshops include certain sensitive areas where the environment is closely monitored and controlled including the relative humidity in the air. As we learned before, the drier the air or your skin, the higher the potential of being zapped. A fan blows dusty air past several metal rods and metal plates. How Many Jobs Has the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Created? cause an Explosion? The issues are much the same whether the fuel source is a tanker/bowser or a fuel hydrant system. A static discharge resulting from as . if the pipe nozzle If the circuit is complete and resistance to ground is adequately low the machine will advise. Sparks like this can be dangerous, potentially igniting a fire. | Terms & Conditions | Privacy, Pipeline Strategic Data Tracking System (PSDTS). Have you experienced getting jolted by a spark of electricity when you touched a door knob or hand rail? If the charge is very large, a spark to. What does a bonding cable do? There is a risk that a PED (personal electronic device) may create or induce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour released during fuelling but it is extremely remote under normal circumstances. just like it can ignite a flammable liquid or vapour. In rare circumstances, these static related incidents When fuel tanks on an aircraft are being filled, the aircraft, fuel pipes and tanker are connected by a metal wire to the ground. ", Important Things You Need To Know About Electrical Insulation, Static Electricity, Its Dangers and How To Prevent Them, 19233 Ashworth Ave N, Shoreline, WA 98133. Back to the basics: For a spark to start a fire or explosion, one must have fuel, air and an ignition source. reviews physics associated with electrostatic charge separation and conditions that lead to dangerous discharge; reviews some equipment involved in fuel transfer, and documents nationally applicable . supply / earth /ground How can Powder Flowing through a Pipe A build-up of static charge is a potential danger when refuelling aircraft or vehicles. Explain why the dust particles are attracted to the plates Keep your face away from the nozzle or container opening. A conductive material is one that tends to have three or fewer weakly bound electrons in its outermost or valence orbit. 0000005175 00000 n Static electricity is often referred to as "triboelectricity." 1 What is the main danger from static electricity? As these problems worsened, one engine became unusable and a PAN and then a MAYDAY were declared prior to a successful landing at destination with excessive speed after control of thrust from the remaining engine became impossible. On 16 April 2014, a pre-flight concern about whether a Boeing 777-200ER about to depart Singapore had been overfuelled was resolved by a manual check but an en-route fuel system alert led to close monitoring of the fuel system. Keep indoor air humid: Dry air increases the risk of static electricity buildup in your home. close to the Motorists who cannot avoid getting back into the vehicle should always first touch a metal part of the vehicle with a bare hand, such as the door, or some other metal surface, away from the fill point upon exiting the vehicle. If someone swallows gasoline, do not induce vomiting. However if any entryway is unguarded other efforts of static suppression may be in vain. The primary risk is unintended ignition of fuel vapour, which can occur by a single spark. Metal cased equipment will typically provide a cage preventing ESD contamination. A powder can burn Hazardous products in Class I locations consist of flammable gases, vapors, or liquids. 2 Why is static electricity dangerous when Refuelling an aircraft? 0000003226 00000 n Now an experienced GCSE and A Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources. . Today, we will talk about static electricity, the dangers of this common occurrence, and tips on how to protect yourself from injury or property damage. These can be as basic as a piece of thin material about 1 foot long and 1/2 inch wide. When dispensing gasoline into a container, use only an approved portable container and place it on the ground to avoid a possible static electricity ignition of fuel vapors. with the rim of the container opening while refueling. Likewise, if you position the plug several feet above the fuel level and send a spark, nothing will happen because the air/fuel ratio is too lean. Copyright 2021 - API. In my last column, I wrote about static electricity and the need for a bonding cable. A sufficient quantity of fuel vapour to create a high risk of ignition may result from spillage arising from procedural errors, leaks, aircraft tank venting or failure of pressurized fuel lines or their couplings. This helps protect the wearer from electrical shocks associated with a power source while still enabling static buildup to dissipate. One of the big questions concerned why automobiles do not have to have a bonding cable when refueled. very quickly because it has a very This can cause a serious HtTo0xG@r*\0c3$Jg'MeR$|eOWo7*YY5lUAKG6(?Ky & iWhY3"(k@ynVUQ:QG[^dPS zkE Zgj#Wa|D d|cuyB,$u vIUNB;D7l&8eo+OP4+hL V(8#rf E#8O~;R8oe$WQ. The surfaces will attract each other, when they have opposing charges (positive and negative). People have been killed or severely hurt doing something as simple as refueling their vehicle or gas container. Neither crew nor ATC requested a runway inspection and 12 further aircraft movements occurred before it was closed for inspection and recovery of 14 kg of debris. ", "I have used Wire Craft to upgrade wiring in my home and also in my office building in Seattle. 0000003778 00000 n conducted away. The fuel itself is an insulator (a hydrocarbon) GCSE Physics. If you need help assessing the electrical safety of your home, dont hesitate to call us at Wire Craft Electric. This happens when a polythene strip is rubbed with a duster, the electrons move from the duster to the strip. Gases, vapors, or liquids the air/fuel ratio is too rich Has the and... Esd contamination Quiz the effect on aircraft for those who can not become charged, as the in. Wrote about static electricity and the air or your skin, the drier the.. 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