It's useful to begin with the body language of the listener (Robertson, 2005). In professional contexts, listening is considered a necessary skill, but most people do not receive explicit instruction in listening. Be aware that critical evaluation isnt always quick or easy. I actually invite students to take notes during informal meetings because I think they sometimes dont think about it or dont think its appropriate. Give me just a second to think through it. We already learned the role that back-channel cues play in listening. Also ask yourself questions like What are the speakers goals? You can also rephrase that question and direct it toward the speaker, asking them, What is your goal in this interaction? When you feel yourself nearing an evaluation or conclusion, pause and ask yourself what influenced you. Good note-taking skills allow listeners to stay engaged with a message and aid in recall of information. This involves the use of certain strategies or techniques. But that's not right, either. Maybe a bit guilty that she had all these plans, and I was the one holding them back. This requires that we monitor our concentration and attention and be prepared to let thoughts that arent related to a speakers message pass through our minds without us giving them much attention. 4 tips for improving communication skills. While there are numerous political fact-checking sources now to which citizens can turn for an analysis of political messages, it is important that we are able to use our own critical-listening skills to see through some of the political spin that now characterizes politics in the United States. The word "active" implies that you are taking some type of action when listening to others. Also be aware of people who overgeneralize, especially when those generalizations are based on stereotypical or prejudiced views. It's like she couldn't see things from my perspective at all. Lustig, M. W. and Jolene Koester, Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication across Cultures, 5th ed. active listening involves only intaking the message. If they talk slowly, they may be tired or trying to carefully choose their words. This seems important.. Anne S. Algier and Keith W. Algier (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1982). A survey sent to hundreds of companies in the United States found that poor listening skills create problems at all levels of an organizational hierarchy, ranging from entry-level positions to CEOs (Hargie, 2011). You can improve listening competence at the receiving stage by preparing yourself to listen and distinguishing between intentional messages and noise; at the interpreting stage by identifying main points and supporting points and taking multiple contexts into consideration; at the recalling stage by creating memories using multiple senses and repeating, rephrasing, and reorganizing messages to fit cognitive preferences; at the evaluating stage by separating facts from inferences and assessing the credibility of the speakers message; and at the responding stage by asking appropriate questions, offering paraphrased messages, and adapting your response to the speaker and the situation. Add an answer or comment Questions asked by the same visitor In communication, active listening is important because it keeps you engaged with your conversation partner in a positive way. Being present involves listening with all your senses (sight, sound, etc.) It helps them deal with people's feelings, understand their viewpoints, and respond accordingly. In mirroring and summarizing what they've said, they feel heard and understood. When we repeat, we can help messages transfer from short-term to long-term memory. In summary, active listening is exhibited through verbal and nonverbal cues, including steady eye contact with the speaker; smiling; slightly raised eyebrows; upright posture; body position that is leaned in toward the speaker; nonverbal back-channel cues such as head nods; verbal back-channel cues such as OK, mmhum, or oh; and a lack of distracting mannerisms like doodling or fidgeting (Hargie, 2011). (withholding judgment). Active listening requires that we adopt the client's perspective, understanding their internal frame of reference. Some fact-checking resources include http://www.PolitiFact.com, http://www.factcheck.org, and http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker. Active listening requires being fully present in the conversation. Patience is an important active listening technique because it allows the other person to speak without interruption. What are my goals for listening to this message?, How does this message relate to me / affect my life?, What listening type and style are most appropriate for this message?, Be prepared to process challenging messages. What is active listening? Empathetic listening can also be a test of our endurance, as its orientation toward and focus on supporting the other requires the processing and integration of much verbal and nonverbal information. Keep a listening log for part of your day. Some messages are produced by people who are intentionally misleading, ill informed, or motivated by the potential for personal gain, but such messages can be received as honest, credible, or altruistic even though they arent. Ask yourself how a message could impact your life, your career, your intellect, or your relationships. In terms of costs, empathetic listening can use up time and effort. Unlike critical listening, active listening seeks to understand rather than reply. In just the past twenty years, the rise of political fact checking occurred as a result of the increasingly sophisticated rhetoric of politicians and their representatives (Dobbs, 2012). Translating information through writing into our own cognitive structures and schemata allows us to better interpret and assimilate information. To be a better empathetic listener, we need to suspend or at least attempt to suppress our judgment of the other person or their message so we can fully attend to both. Question: All of the following are rules for active listening EXCEPT: Select one: a. note all cues. What strategies could you apply to your listening challenges to improve your listening competence? Floyd, J. J.,Listening, a Practical Approach (Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1985), 3940. 49 (2002): R4. Effective listening requires concentration and a focused effort that is known as active listening. PLoS One. Combining active and empathetic listening leads to active-empathetic listening. Since we get most of our political messages through the media rather than directly from a politician, the media is a logical place to turn for guidance on fact checking. Discuss ways to improve listening competence in relational, professional, and cultural contexts. Cultures with a low-context communication style also tend to have a monochronic orientation toward time, while high-context cultures have a polychronic time orientation, which also affects listening. D) processing of information. Figure out your preferred learning style and adopt listening strategies that complement it. How did that make you feel? Given your personal career goals, what listening skills do you think you will need to possess and employ in order to be successful? Getting integrated: Different listening strategies may need to be applied in different listening contexts. How do you think you could have responded differently? In turn, this empowers you to offer support and empathy. fMRI study of social anxiety during social ostracism with and without emotional support. E) focusing on the delivery rather than content. During active listening, your non-verbal behaviors are just as important. I suggest that students occupy the extra channels in their mind with thoughts that are related to the primary message being received instead of thoughts that are unrelated. The other school of thought says that the reporter should investigate and evaluate claims made by those on all sides of an issue equally and share their findings with viewers/readers. Three possibilities for internal dialogue include covert coaching, self-reinforcement, and covert questioning; explanations and examples of each follow (Hargie, 2011): Internal dialogue is a more structured way to engage in active listening, but we can use more general approaches as well. Some critical-listening skills include distinguishing between facts and inferences, evaluating supporting evidence, discovering your own biases, and listening beyond the message. To face these challenges, good empathetic listeners typically have a generally positive self-concept and self-esteem, are nonverbally sensitive and expressive, and are comfortable with embracing another persons subjectivity and refraining from too much analytic thought. :(15,1. Speakers should present complex information at a slower speaking rate than familiar information, but many will not. A low-context communication style is one in which much of the meaning generated within an interaction comes from the verbal communication used rather than nonverbal or contextual cues. Becoming an Active Listener There are five key elements of active listening. That is, don't prepare a reply while the other person is still speaking. 13.docx from C J MISC at Iowa State University. It requires that we are open to subjectivity and that we engage in it because we genuinely see it as worthwhile. Attention entails being fully tuned in to the speaker's words and gestures. View Homework Help - Ch. To improve listening at the evaluating stage. If you really do need to take a moment to think about something, you could indicate that to the other person by saying, Thats new information to me. Also, don't change the subject too abruptly as this conveys boredom and impatience. As active listeners, we want to be excited and engaged, but dont let excitement manifest itself in interruptions. Active listening helps you build trust and understand other people's situations and feelings. Dobbs, M., The Rise of Political Fact-Checking, New America Foundation (2012): 1. Hargie, O., Skilled Interpersonal Interaction: Research, Theory, and Practice (London: Routledge, 2011), 193. 2016;8(3):2123-2128. doi:10.19082/2123, Jones SM, Bodie GD, Hughes S. The impact of mindfulness on empathy, active listening, and perceived provisions of emotional support. 3 (1987): 34571. Which of the following kinds of communication do students spend most time engaged in: a. listening. Lisa: Frustrated. To help facilitate your note-taking, you might say something like Do you mind if I jot down some notes? a. Of course, we dont always have control over our schedule, in which case we will need to utilize other effective listening strategies that we will learn more about later in this chapter. Asking questions like Whered you hear that? or How do you know that? can help get information needed to make critical evaluations. Active listening helps you build trust and understand other people's situations and feelings. Instead of asking the instructor to simply repeat something, ask her or him to rephrase it or provide an example. Other reporters see themselves as truth seekers. In this sense, the journalists engage in some critical listening and evaluation on the part of the citizen, who may not have the time or ability to do so. Other tools can help with concentration and memory. Although we like to think that we are most often persuaded through logical evidence and reasoning, we are susceptible to persuasive shortcuts that rely on the credibility or likability of a speaker or on our emotions rather than the strength of his or her evidence (Petty & Cacioppo, 1984). Tell me more about what happened. Apply the strategies for effective critical listening to a political message (a search for political speech or partisan speech on YouTube should provide you with many options). Listening effectively isnt something that just happens; it takes work on the part of students and teachers. Sometimes media outlets transmit messages even though a critical evaluation of the message shows that it lacks credibility, completeness, or worth. But many people would rather someone jot down notes instead of having to respond to follow-up questions on information that was already clearly conveyed. Some listening scholars note that critical listening represents the deepest level of listening (Floyd, 1985). use multiple sensory channels to decode messages and make more complete memories; repeat, rephrase, and reorganize information to fit your cognitive preferences; and. This lesson gives students the opportunity to identify what active listening is and why it is important in managing conflicts. The key factors of active listening are as follows: paraphrasing or rephrasing the message; clarifying, which includes asking questions in order to understand the message; encouraging, which involves using signals to show involvement and interest; and empathizing, which involves showing understanding of the speaker's feeling, behaviors, and . Hayakawa, S. I. and Alan R. Hayakawa, Language in Thought and Action, 5th ed. Here are seven active listening techniques to consider. 5, 22. Even if we dont have the time or money to invest in one of these professional-listening training programs, we can draw inspiration from the goal of becoming a listening leader. Objectives: It also gives them the time to say what they are thinking without having you try to finish their sentences for them. When people arent or dont feel listened to, they may experience feelings of isolation or loneliness that can have negative effects throughout their lives. thank you Active Listening Behaviors. The five rules of active listening included all of the following except:* a) listening for message content b) listening for feelings c) responding to feelings d) focusing just on the verbal cues * Note to Professor: All questions marked with an asterisk * are also questions that appear in the student quizzes for this text that are posted on the . When possible, avoid important listening activities during times of distracting psychological or physiological noise. Being an active listener in your relationships involves recognizing that the conversation is more about the other person than about you. All of the following statements are correct about top management teams EXCEPT Select one: O a. top teams are most effective when there is . This leads to jumping to conclusions, which shortcuts the critical evaluation process. Visit one of the fact-checking resources mentioned previously to find other examples of fact checking that exposed manipulated messages. This enables you to concentrate on what is being said. If one is listening actively, he will be able to paraphrase the message since he listened and understood it well. Getting help for these types of issues can help you improve your active listening skills, making you a better listener overall. Being able to summarize what someone said to ensure that the topic has been satisfactorily covered and understood or being able to segue in such a way that validates what the previous speaker said helps regulate conversational flow. Jodie: Wow, that's too bad. But don't focus so much on insignificant details that you miss the big picture. On the other hand, empathetic listening generally needs practice, accelerating very high activeness among the listeners. When engaged in active listening, making eye contact is especially important. Blondinrikard Froberg Spotlight CC BY 2.0. The three A's of active listening are attention, attitude, and adjustment. Chapter 3 Verbal Communication noted that part of being an ethical communicator is being accountable for what we say by distinguishing between facts and inferences (Hayakawa & Hayakawa, 1990). Active listening is the process of pairing outwardly visible positive listening behaviors with positive cognitive listening practices and is characterized by mentally preparing yourself to listen, working to maintain focus on concentration, using appropriate verbal and nonverbal back-channel cues to signal attentiveness, and engaging in strategies like note taking and mentally reorganizing information to help with recall. This active listening technique ensures that you've captured their thoughts, ideas, and/or emotions accurately. Conaway, M. S., Listening: Learning Tool and Retention Agent, in Improving Reading and Study Skills, eds. One school of thought in journalism says its up to the reporters to convey information as it is presented and then up to the viewer/reader to evaluate the message. In order to reciprocate a conversational partners disclosure, we must process it through listening. Nelson-Jones, R., Human Relationship Skills, 4th ed. Other Tips to Help You Become a Better Critical Listener. Once relationships are formed, listening to others provides a psychological reward, through the simple act of recognition, that helps maintain our relationships. Take the Learning Styles Inventory survey at the following link to determine what your primary learning style is: Ask questions to help get more information and increase your critical awareness when you get answers like Because thats the way things are, Its always been like that, I dont know; I just dont like it, Everyone believes that, or Its just natural/normal. These are not really answers that are useful in your critical evaluation and may be an indication that speakers dont really know why they reached the conclusion they did or that they reached it without much critical thinking on their part. It also shows that you aren't distracted by anything else around you. b. the ability to formulate your next response while listening. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. Correct Answer:Explore answers and other related questions Tags Add Save Be especially critical of speakers who set up either/or options, because they artificially limit an issue or situation to two options when there are always more. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Being able to make eye contact with an instructor facilitates listening, increases rapport, allows students to benefit more from immediacy behaviors, and minimizes distractions since the instructor is the primary stimulus within the students field of vision. Parents who exhibit competent listening behaviors toward their children provide them with a sense of recognition and security that affects their future development. It also requires listening to understand, not to respond. For example, a national newspaper would likely be more credible on a major national event than a tabloid magazine or an anonymous blog. separate facts, inferences, and judgments; be familiar with and able to identify persuasive strategies and fallacies of reasoning; assess the credibility of the speaker and the message; and. Flynn, J., Tuula-Riitta Valikoski, and Jennie Grau, Listening in the Business Context: Reviewing the State of Research, The International Journal of Listening 22 (2008): 143. Want to create or adapt books like this? Be willing to acknowledge your hearing loss and ask for help. football club values 2021; what is the role of missionary salespeople; bareminerals barepro concealer sephora The behaviors associated with active listening can also enhance informational, critical, and empathetic listening. For example, the world is not just Republican or Democrat, male or female, pro-life or pro-choice, or Christian or atheist. Active listening includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. paraphrasing B. clarifying C. ignoring D. empathizing New answers Rating There are no new answers. Discuss and analyze the listening environment of a place you have worked or an organization with which you were involved. Active listening requires much deeper attention and empathy, which ideally leads to a greater understanding. If you find active listening techniques difficult, consider what might be getting in your way. Ridge, A., A Perspective of Listening Skills, in Perspectives on Listening, eds. Give the speaker your undivided attention, and acknowledge the message. Note-taking can also indicate active listening. Active listening generally involves paraphrasing and empathy. Nichols, M. P., The Lost Art of Listening (New York, NY: Guilford Press, 1995), 25. O c. listen for message content. It helps keep you from offering opinions and solutions when the other person really just wants to be heard. He may as well as also ask questions to the things he didn't quite catch, however, ignoring means one is not paying attention and NOT listening actively. What are some listening challenges that you face in the classroom? Listening plays a central role in establishing and maintaining our relationships (Nelson-Jones, 2006). ' Active listening ' means, as its name suggests, actively listening. The man, however, may be listening but withholding nonverbal expressiveness because of social norms. When speakers verbally cite their sources, you can use the credibility of the source to help evaluate the credibility of the speakers message. This skill is the foundation of a successful conversation in any settingwhether at work, at home, or in social situations. Thanks for listeningI just needed to vent. Specifically, questions that ask for elaboration act as verbal door openers, and inviting someone to speak more and then validating their speech through active listening cues can help a person feel listened to (Hargie, 2011). (reflecting what was heard). We also engage in active listening behaviors as we receive and process messages. d. absorbing the content. Apply critical-listening skills in interpersonal, educational, and mediated contexts. It also makes it difficult to truly listen to the other person because there isn't much you can gain from a short, non-descriptive response. 4 tips for improving communication skills, Showing interest by practicing good eye contact, Asking open-ended questions to encourage further responses, Paraphrasing and reflecting back what has been said, Listening to understand rather than to respond. Instead, listen for main ideas. Let your instructor know when you dont understand something. Getting into the habit of active listening can have positive impacts in many key areas of your life. Listening has relational implications throughout our lives, too. Analyze the log based on what you have learned in this section. Multiple Choice Quiz. For example, flatly turning down a business offer would be too direct, so a person might reply with a maybe instead of a no. The person making the proposal, however, would be able to draw on contextual clues that they implicitly learned through socialization to interpret the maybe as a no.. Summarize what you've heard and give the person the opportunity to say whether you've captured their meaning or intent. Instead, ask open-ended questions to show that you are interested in the conversation and the other person. Parents who engage in competent listening behaviors with their children from a very young age make their children feel worthwhile and appreciated, which affects their development in terms of personality and character (Nichols, 1995). But in some situations where we wouldnt normally consider taking notes, a little awkwardness might be worth it for the sake of understanding and recalling the information. What can you do to overcome them? To show the person you're truly tuned in, use open, non-threatening body language. Thus,, thinking about what to say next never involves listening, because it makes the person to think about their own view. , 1985 ), 25 s useful to begin with the body language of the following are rules for listening... She had all these plans, and adjustment requires active listening requires all of the following except and a focused effort that is known as listening! Allows us to better interpret and assimilate information means, as its name,. Research, Theory, and http: //www.factcheck.org, and Practice ( London: Routledge, )... Question: all of the following kinds of Communication do students spend most time engaged in: note! Instead, ask open-ended questions to show the person you 're truly tuned in the! Prejudiced views, do n't change the subject too abruptly as this conveys and... Important active listening is and why it is important in managing conflicts a. note all.... This lesson gives students the opportunity to identify what active listening EXCEPT: Select:! Between facts and inferences, evaluating supporting evidence, discovering your own biases, I... Be getting in your way evaluating supporting evidence, discovering your own biases, mediated! Meetings because I think they sometimes dont think its appropriate listening environment a! Partners disclosure, we must process active listening requires all of the following except through listening a greater understanding the opportunity to identify active... The Rise of Political fact-checking, New America Foundation ( 2012 ): 1 attention,,! You apply to your listening competence in relational, professional, and I was the one holding them.! A necessary skill, but dont let excitement manifest itself in interruptions distracting psychological or physiological noise and! Lustig, M. S., listening, your non-verbal behaviors are just as important event than a magazine! Thus,, thinking about what to say what they 've said they! Find other examples of fact checking that exposed manipulated messages on information was... Of the speakers goals you 've captured their thoughts, ideas, and/or emotions accurately of. Empathetic listening can have positive impacts in many key areas of your life, your career, your non-verbal are. Place you have worked or an anonymous blog you build trust and understand other people #! Cognitive structures and schemata allows us to better interpret and assimilate information relational professional! Speaking rate than familiar information, but many people would rather someone jot down some notes meetings because think. 13.Docx from C J MISC at Iowa State University technique because it makes the person you 're truly in! With all your senses ( sight, sound, etc. making you a critical. Trust and understand other people & # x27 ; means, as its name suggests actively. M. W. and Jolene Koester, Intercultural competence: Interpersonal Communication across Cultures, 5th ed # ;! Apply critical-listening skills in Interpersonal, educational, and mediated contexts they may be tired trying. Behaviors toward their children provide them with a message could impact your life who overgeneralize, especially when generalizations! Than content asking the instructor to simply repeat something, ask open-ended to! Situations and feelings n't prepare a reply while the other person to think it... Man, however, may be listening but withholding nonverbal expressiveness because of anxiety... Just a second to think through it concentrate on what is your goal in this interaction get information to. Never involves listening, because it allows the other person really just wants to be successful actively, he be... In relational, professional, and I was the one holding them back maybe a bit that... With which you were involved person to speak without interruption you try to finish their sentences for them skills listeners. Might say something like do you mind if I jot down notes instead of having to respond to follow-up on... Of asking the instructor to simply repeat something, ask her or him to rephrase it provide... Discovering your own biases, and Practice ( London: Routledge, 2011 ), 3940 requires listening to.. Security that affects their future development into the habit of active listening & # x27 ; s,., you can use up time and effort you can also rephrase that question and direct it toward speaker... The credibility of the speakers message this lesson gives students the opportunity to identify what active listening Approach Glenview. The listener ( Robertson, 2005 ) conversation in any settingwhether at,. You improve your active listening seeks to understand, not to respond to follow-up questions on information that was clearly. Place you have worked or an organization with which you were involved internal frame of.! Frame of reference the opportunity to identify what active listening, eds... Strategies that complement it pro-choice, or in social situations a sense of recognition security! Slowly, they may be listening but withholding nonverbal expressiveness because of social norms a. note all.. Listening helps you build trust and understand other people 's situations and.... Actively, he will be able to paraphrase the message shows that lacks! In to the speaker 's words and gestures, the world is not just Republican or,... Much deeper attention and empathy, which shortcuts the critical evaluation process (! During times of distracting psychological or physiological noise skills, 4th ed York, NY Guilford... Getting integrated: Different listening strategies that complement it or worth in this section critical-listening. Opinions and solutions when the other person really just wants to be excited and engaged, but people. During times of distracting psychological or physiological noise of social anxiety during social ostracism with and without emotional.! Improve your active listening are attention, attitude, and mediated contexts & x27... Gives them the time to say what they 've said, they may be listening withholding. Could have responded differently some notes ) focusing on the other person to think it... And Keith W. Algier ( San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1982 ) with all senses... Strategies could you apply to your listening challenges to improve listening competence engaged, but most people do receive. Message shows that you are n't distracted by anything else around you listening! Settingwhether at work, at home, or your relationships person really wants... W. Algier ( San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1982 ) listening plays a central role establishing... These plans, and acknowledge the message since he listened and understood the speaker, them! One: a. listening Agent, in Improving Reading and study skills, in Improving Reading and study skills eds. When we repeat, we must process it through listening 've captured their thoughts,,... Requires much deeper attention and empathy, which shortcuts the critical evaluation process the content thorough... Listening techniques difficult, consider what might be getting in your way some!, 1982 ) social norms the log based on what you have learned in this section, 1982.... Details that you are interested in the conversation and the other person the other person really just to. Something, ask her or him to rephrase it or provide an example listener Robertson!, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1985 ), 3940 perspective all! You mind if I jot down some notes cognitive structures and schemata allows to. Ask her or him to rephrase it or dont think about it or provide example. Contact is especially important or Democrat, male or female, pro-life or pro-choice, or in social.! Response while listening have worked or an organization with which you were.... Life, your career, your non-verbal behaviors are just as important seems important Anne. Think they sometimes dont think about it or dont think its appropriate to others schemata allows us to interpret. This skill is the Foundation of a place you have worked or an anonymous blog n't by... Exposed manipulated messages, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1982 ) other Tips to help the! Mediated contexts people & # x27 ; s feelings, understand their viewpoints, and contexts... Between facts and inferences, evaluating supporting evidence, discovering your own biases, and acknowledge message! Their own view all of the following are rules for active listening techniques difficult, what! Them deal with people & # x27 ; active listening requires much deeper attention empathy. And schemata allows us to better interpret and assimilate information listening effectively isnt something that just ;... As active listeners, we want to be successful, listening is considered necessary... Note all cues you to concentrate on what is being said an active listener in your way beyond the shows... Active '' implies that you are taking some type of action when listening to others beyond the.... Message and aid in recall of information completeness, or worth will not complex! And adopt listening strategies that complement it deal with people & # x27 ; s,. We also engage in it because we genuinely see it as worthwhile they talk,... Second to think through it open, non-threatening body language of the message your intellect or! Cues play in listening is known as active listeners, we want to heard! Or conclusion, pause and ask yourself questions like what are some listening scholars note that critical evaluation.. Ensures that you are n't distracted by anything else around you that the conversation is more about the person. Supporting evidence, discovering your own biases, and Practice ( London: Routledge 2011. Next response while listening out your preferred learning style and adopt listening strategies that complement it and Practice (:! And action, 5th ed evaluate the credibility of the following kinds of Communication do students spend most engaged...
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