[64], Hickok was playing five-card stud or five-card draw when he was shot. He was bedridden for four months before being sent to Rock Creek Station in the Nebraska Territory to work as a stable hand while he recovered. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. subscribe to All About History for as little as 26. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. Hardin left Kansas before Hickok could arrest him. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Jean McCormick was the daughter of Jane "Calamity Jane" Cannary and James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. His work included identifying and counting the number of troops in uniform who were drinking while on duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, and tracking down individuals who owed money to the cash-strapped Union Army. In real life, Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary) never met 'Doc' Holliday: she actually was in love and pursued 'Wild Bill' Hickock. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". According to their account, the shootout took place not inside the Wellmans cabin but inside the Rock Creek station itself, and Hickoks defense was far from single-handed. Hickok waved his hand past Mulvey at some onlookers and yelled, "Don't shoot him in the back; he is drunk." .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers. After the war Hickok continued his adventurous ways, at times just skirting the right side of the law. In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. A monument has been built there. If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois at a time when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence of the "Banditti of the Prairie". In 1876, Hickok was shot and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. by Marshall Trimble | Nov 1, 2007 | Inside History. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! Wild Bill - Tom Clavin 2019-02-05 The denitive true story of Wild Bill, the rst lawman of the Wild West, by the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dodge City. In the HBO show Deadwood (2004-2006), Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine. Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. Although McCall accepted the money, he was apparently insulted. Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. Omissions? Most modern retailers of Old West period clothing seem to sell only banded collared shirts, yet old photographs show cowboys did wear shirts with collars. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. Both parents were reputed to be unsavory, involved in petty crimes and often financially destitute. In an instant, he pulled the triggers again sending two bullets into Coe's abdomen (Coe lived a day or two) and whirling with his two guns drawn on the drunken crowd of cowboys, "and now do any of you fellows want the rest of these bullets?" After shooting Coe, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone running toward him and quickly fired two more shots in reaction, accidentally shooting and killing Abilene Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams, who was coming to his aid. The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. [7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red. All Rights Reserved. ", Hermon, Gregory (1987). In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. I will be. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. This was claimed after he was killed during a poker game on Aug. 2, 1876. This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. [15] He grew a moustache following the McCanles incident, and in 1861 began calling himself "Wild Bill".[16][17]. How Did Wild Bill Hickok Die? Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. Hickok managed to fire another shot, wounding the bear's paw. When did cowboys begin wearing these shirts? [21][22] Hickok, Wellman, and another employee, J.W. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. In an 1871 account that changed his life, Hickok was reportedly involved in a shootout with saloon owner Phil Coe. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. They refused, so Hickok altered it himself. [9][41], The second killed by Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowboy, who was causing a disturbance in a saloon at 1:00 am on September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene. During the Civil War, he served as a wagon master, scout, detective, courier, and spy. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. Take that!" Since he was actually shot in the back of the head, that plot element is a complete artifice of the episode writers. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill . While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody (later known as "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his youth, served as a scout just two years later for the U.S. Army during the Utah War. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. The first major description of the incident appeared in Harpers New Monthly Magazine in February 1867, six years after the fact, written by Col. George Ward Nichols, who claimed to have been told the story by Hickok in 1865. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. McLintock used a cane to tap the body, face, and head, finding no soft tissue anywhere. The gun did not sell because the highest bid of $220,000 was less than the reserve set by the gun's owners.[76]. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. Hickok is currently interred in a 10ft (3m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron fence, with a U.S. flag flying nearby. He afterward resumed using his given name, James Hickok. And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. He seemed to have respect for Hickok's abilities and replied, "If Bill needs killing, why don't you kill him yourself? For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. This was during the Indian Wars, in which Hickok sometimes served as a scout for General George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Tutt called out, "Boys, I'm killed", before he collapsed and died. Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. He was known as a gunfighter and gambler who fought in the Civil War and was a scout for Custer's Cavalry. Standing some 50 yards away from his subject, Hickok "without sighting his pistol and with his eye" rang off six shots, each of them hitting the direct center of the letter. He was one of the early heroes of the West popularized in the dime novels of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Hickok, just a stable-hand at the time, killed the three men, despite being severely injured. "George Ward Nichols and the Legend of Wild Bill Hickok. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. "The Custer-Hickok Shootout in Hays City. After a brief visit from Hickok, who then rode off into the sunset, a sea captain named James ONeil happened to find her. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). August 18, 1876, image 3", "Jack McCall Cowardly Killer of Wild Bill Hickok", "American Wonder Wild Bill Hickok Shot and Killed from Behind on This Day in History", Bozeman Avant Courier, December 22, 1876, image 1, testimony of George M. Shingle, "Riverboat captain 'carried' bullet that killed Hickok", "Jack McCall and the Murder of Wild Bill Hickok", "Wild Bill Hickok: Pistoleer, Peace Officer and Folk Hero", Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Model 1851 Navys, "Wild Bill Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. At 4:15 in the afternoon, a young gunslinger named Jack McCall walked into the saloon, approached Hickok from behind, and shot him in the back of the head. He drove freight wagons and coaches. In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. Thus began the reputation that Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. Hickok was arrested for murder, tried, and acquitted. He was released from the group after a few months. A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and death, titled Wild Bill (1995), stars Jeff Bridges as Hickok and David Arquette as Jack McCall, and was written and directed by Walter Hill. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. He twice asked another man at the table, Charles Rich, to change seats with him, but Rich refused. Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty. The Bull's Head Saloon in Abilene had been established by gambler Ben Thompson and Coe, his partner, businessman, and fellow gambler. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. As vile a character as I ever met for some cause Wild Bill incurred Coe's hatred and he vowed to secure the death of the marshal. Joseph J. [citation needed], From 1871 until his death in 1876, Hickok had vision problems. The cards Hickok had been holding when he was shot and killeda pair of black aces and a pair of black eights plus an unknown fifth cardbecame known as the Dead Mans Hand.. Circa 1890. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. He was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute as to the suit of one of the aces, diamond vs. spade) as his "up cards", which has since become widely known as the "dead man's hand". Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". They initially agreed not to fight over the watch, but when Hickok saw Tutt wearing it, he warned him to stay away. The glorification of Wild Bill Hickok began in Springfield, Mo., on July 21, 1865, when he killed gunman Dave Tutt. The couple had five children besides James Butler, three boys and two girls. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Wild Bill Hickok, Wild Bill Hickok - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. In court she presented the judge with a doctors certificate indicating she was in a rather delicate condition, an early euphemism for pregnant. [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. By Tyler MacDonald / May 18, 2021 9:31 am EST. https . Jack McCall. Relegated to making a living through other means than law enforcement, he traveled from one town to another as a gambler. The "special election" may not have been legal, as a letter dated September 17 to the governor of Kansas noted that Hickok had presented a warrant for an arrest which was rejected by the Fort Hays commander, because, when asked to produce his commission, Hickok admitted that he had never received one. 2 Revolver on Offer at Bonhams This Fall", "Wild Bill Hickok's Death-Day Revolver Fails to Sell at California Auction", "Wild-Bill-Hickok - Trailer - Cast - Showtimes", "Josh Brolin as James Butler Hickok (aka Wild Bill)", https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0028/2964/7961/files/Deadwood_1876_Rules_English.pdf?4346553514003986582, Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876), Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (18761887), Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (18761887), Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (18931947), Fossil Cycad National Monument (19221957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_Bill_Hickok&oldid=1141945329, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, James B. Hickok, J.B. Hickok, Shanghai Bill, William Hickok, William Haycock, Bird, Roy (1979). No other woman in the American west possesses a more enigmatic legacy than Martha Calamity Jane Canary. [62][63] Hickok may have told his friend Charlie Utter and others who were traveling with them that he thought he would be killed while in Deadwood. This incident added to his fame as a gunslinger, which skyrocketed when journalist and later explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley reported as fact in the New York Herald in 1867 Hickoks exaggerated claim that he had killed 100 men. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. She was Maude Weir, born in 1881. The Harper's piece also told the story of how Hickok had pointed to a letter "O" that was "no bigger than a man's heart." [1][2], James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. He was assigned Buffalo Bill Cody, a sergeant, and five privates. He died in 1887. Hickok was killed August 2, 1876, at the age of 39, and Calamity Jane died of illness on August 1, 1903, at age 51; both died in South Dakota.. During his life, Hickok was a soldier, scout, stagecoach driver, lawman, gunfighter, showman, marksman, gambler, and more. [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. He traveled west to Deadwood, South Dakota, in a wagon train that included Martha Jane Cannary (Calamity Jane), who later claimed she had secretly married him. In the Clint Eastwood movie Hang em High, a tumbleweed wagon picks up prisoners to haul them off to jail. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. Lorenzo Butler Hickok spoke with McCall after the trial, and said McCall showed no remorse. Not having the courage to do it himself, he one day filled about 200 cowboys with whiskey intending to get them into trouble with Wild Bill, hoping that they would get to shooting and in the melee shoot the marshal. Lonergan pinned Hickok to the ground, and Kyle put his gun to Hickok's ear. [60] McCall then entered the saloon, walked up behind Hickok, drew his Colt Model 1873 Single Action Army .45-caliber revolver, and shouted, "Damn you! They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. Hickok was assigned to bring the men to Topeka for trial, and he requested a military escort from Fort Hays. Hickok may have picked up the nickname Wild Bill for his daring fighting in the Union army during the Civil War, which included service as a spy, a scout, and a sharpshooter. 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